PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY INDUCED BY CONTRAST AGENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by contrast agents, commonly referred to
as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), remains one of the most frequent and serious
complications in patients undergoing diagnostic and interventional procedures for
acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a pivotal role in
the pathogenesis of this condition, mediating inflammatory responses, endothelial
dysfunction, and renal tubular damage. The study focuses on evaluating the dynamics
and clinical significance of cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in patients with ACS who
develop CIN. Analysis of these biomarkers demonstrates their association with the
severity of kidney injury, progression of systemic inflammation, and the risk of
adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Understanding the molecular
mechanisms underlying cytokine activity in this setting provides valuable insight into
early diagnosis, risk stratification, and potential therapeutic targets. The findings
highlight the necessity of incorporating cytokine monitoring into clinical practice for
patients with ACS at high risk of contrast-induced kidney injury.