TRANSLATION PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES OF CUSTOM TERMS IN THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES

Abstract

This paper explores the challenges and strategies involved in translating custom
terms between English and Russian. Custom terms, referring to specialized
vocabulary within specific domains (e.g., legal, technical, medical, business), often
present unique translation problems due to cultural differences, varying legal and
social systems, and the absence of direct equivalents. This study examines the
linguistic and contextual factors that contribute to these difficulties, including
polysemy, semantic broadening/narrowing, and the influence of cultural
connotations. We analyze various translation strategies employed to address these
challenges, such as adaptation, calquing, descriptive translation, functional
equivalents, and compensation. Specific examples of custom terms from are analyzed
to illustrate the effectiveness and limitations of different translation approaches.